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All| There are 129 entries in the glossary. |
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| -AID- | Americans for Informed Democracy is an
American-based organization working in more than 10 countries and on more than
250 US university campuses. AID aims to develop globally aware leaders who can
shape US foreign policy towards international ideals. AID is openly supported
by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Open Society Institute, DarMac Foundation,
and the Hewlett Foundation. |
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| ACDA | The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency was a US
federal body established to monitor and verify arms control measures and
disarmament policies. In 2000 it was amalgamated with the US State Department.
Although a small agency, the ACDA became infamous because of its early
propagation of creating an independent United Nations military force. |
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| ACUNS | The Academic Council on the United Nations
System is a world-wide association of scholars, political players, and
educators who advocate an empowered United Nations centered on global governance ideals. |
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| ACUS | The Atlantic Council of the United States is
America’s leading organization supporting NATO and other Atlantic Alliance concepts. |
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| ADB | The Asian Development Bank is one of the world’s largest financial lending
institutions, providing loans and lending programs to a wide range of
development projects in the Asian-Pacific zone. ADB lending clients are its
member governments, which also happen to be its shareholders. |
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| ADBG | The African Development Bank Group is the parent
body that oversees the African Development Bank, the African Development Fund,
and the Nigeria Trust Fund. |
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| Agenda 21 | Agenda 21 is the framework document for global
environmental management as instituted at the 1992 United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro. |
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| AOC | Alliance of Civilisations:An action plan to improve cross-cultural relations. Guidelines and mechanisms to ensure that religious schools are registered. |
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| APEC | APEC, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, is the primary intergovernmental vehicle used in promoting global free trade and
investment growth between its 21 national member-economies. Presently, APEC
membership includes Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, People’s
Republic of China, Hong Kong-China, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea,
Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, The Republic of the
Philippines, The Russian Federation, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, Thailand,
United States of America, and Viet Nam. These combined APEC member-economies
account for more than a third of the world’s population, 47% of the world’s
trade, and approximately 60% of the global GDP. |
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| ASEAN | The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a
regional intergovernmental organization located in Jakarta, Indonesia. ASEAN’s purpose is to bring
about greater economic and political integration into the south-east Asian
region. Current national members include Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
Vietnam. |
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| ATPA | Andean Trade Preference Act |
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| AU | The African Union is the successor to the
Organization of African Unity. A European Union-modeled coalition
of African nations, the AU has an established advisory Pan-African Parliament
located in Midrand, South Africa. |
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| AUD | The Association to Unite the Democracies is an organization with roots dating back
to World War II. Originally, the goal of the AUD was to advance a formal
political union between the democratic nations of North America and Western
Europe. Early in AUD’s life, the body played a key role in rallying US support
for the creation of NATO. Today, AUD focuses on tightening the Euro-Atlantic
political link through advocating NATO and European Union enlargement. |
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| BAFT | The Bankers Association for Finance and Trade, which was
started in 1921 with a meeting of ten bankers at the Hotel Cleveland, is a
financial membership organization made up of United States and non-US banks and
institutions. BAFT’s purpose is to act as a policy and advocacy body within the
national and international financial system – working with global capital
markets, international payment businesses, trade associations, and various
governmental bodies. In 2002, the BAFT became an affiliate of the American Bankers
Association. |
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| Balance of Power | A strategic term wherein all strengths and weaknesses equal
out between opposing players, regardless of narrow independent vantage points.
While the term typically applies to military/national strategic issues between
rival nations, it carries a broader application that fits within various global
power struggles.
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| Balance of Terror | A strategic term representing an equilibrium of
ultimate destruction between powers. In a Balance of Terror situation, each
power group has the capability of inflicting unacceptable levels of damage upon
each other. |
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| Bank Indonesia | The central bank of Indonesia. As part of the late 1990’s
Asian economic crisis recovery program, the International Monetary Fund, World
Bank, and the Asian Development Bank coordinated a series of controversial
finance programs, including a revamping of the Bank Indonesia under
international guidance. The Bank Indonesia is a shareholder member in the Bank
for International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Algeria |
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| Bank of America | Founded in 1874 as the Commercial Financial Bank, it
has, over the decades, experienced a dizzying array of mergers and acquisitions
– including historical linkages to VISA (known earlier as the BankAmericard).
Today, the Bank of America is the third largest commercial bank in the United
States. |
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| Bank of Canada |
Canada’s central bank, which is responsible for monetary policy
and national funds management. The Bank of Canada originally started as a
private institution but was amalgamated into the Canadian government Crown
corporation system in 1938. Today, the Bank of Canada works with the Government
of Canada, other central banks, and with major global financial institutions.
It’s also a shareholding member of the Bank for International Settlements.
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| Bank of Estonia | The central bank of Estonia: a member of the European System
of Central Banks and a shareholding member in the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Finland | The national central bank of Finland: a member of the
European System of Central Banks and a shareholding member in the Bank for
International Settlements. |
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| Bank of France | The national central bank of France. In
existence since 1800, the Bank of France has undergone a number of important
changes, including nationalization on January 1, 1946, and back to independence
in 1993. The Bank of France is a member of the European System of Central Banks
and a shareholding member in the Bank for International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Greece | The national central bank of Greece: a member of
the European System of Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for
International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Israel | Israel’s central bank. Established in 1954, the Bank of
Israel was the successor to the Anglo-Palestine Bank, which held the role of
banknote management with the Government of Israel from 1948 until 1954. Today,
the Bank of Israel is a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Italy | The central bank of Italy: a member of the European System
of Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Latvia | Latvia’s central bank: a member of the European System of
Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Lithuania | The central bank for Lithuania: a member of the
European System of Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for
International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Mexico | Mexico’s autonomous central bank, which oversees
monetary policy, currency and coinage, and federal payment systems. It’s a
shareholding member of the Bank for International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Portugal | Portugal’s central bank: a member of the European System of
Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Slovenia | Slovenia’s central bank: a member of the European System of
Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Banko de España | Spain’s central bank: a member of the European System of
Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Basel Accord | An international set of banking principles that sets minimum
capital requirements for banks – primarily as it relates to deposit taking and
lending. The Basel Accord, also known as the Basel Capital Accord, was devised
under the auspicious of the Bank for International Settlement’s Basel Committee
on Banking Supervision. |
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| BBA | The British Bankers’ Association, in existence
since 1919, is a British-based umbrella organization for major UK and non-UK
banks. It acts as a trade and policy organization, and is actively involved in
European and global capital markets. Presently, three quarters of the BBA’s
members are non-UK, representing 60 nations. BBA members hold 90% of England’s
banking sector assets. |
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| BBC | The British Broadcasting Corporation is one of
the largest media outlets in the world, and is run by twelve governors who act
as trustees appointed by the Queen of England. |
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| BCA |
The Business Council of Australia is Australia’s leading
association of Chief Executives and prominent business players. BCA advocates
global free trade, including World Trade Organization programs, and deeper
regional/ international investment ties.
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| BCBS |
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is a major
committee within the Bank for International Settlements. Although the findings
and recommendations of the BCBS were not initially intended to carry legal
weight, the strategies and standards advocated by the BCBS are internationally
upheld and aggressively advanced within the global financial framework. The
BCBS was established in 1974.
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| BCCI | The Bank of Credit and Commerce International was a major global lending and investment institution. At its height the BCCI operated in
78 countries with over 400 branches. The bank closed in 1991 under the weight of massive fraud and money laundering charges. In the investigations, BCCI was
found to support illegal international activity and was a conduit for CIA covert operations – including the Iran/Contra arms sales network. |
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| BGFRS | The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is the
management body which oversees the work and functions of the Federal Reserve
System – America’s central bank. The BGFRS is a shareholding member of the Bank
for International Settlements. |
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| BIB | Formed in part by Nelson Rockefeller’s International Basic Economy Corporation, the Banco de Investimento do Brazil – the Brazilian Investment Bank – became a major conduit for Rockefeller-South American investment programs during the late 1960s and early 70s. BIB also had
dealings with the Bank of Credit and Commerce International. |
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| BIC | The Bahá’í International Community is a global
non-governmental organization representing the worldwide membership of the
Bahá’í Faith. It openly advocates the creation of a world government with a
global justice system and international economic policy. In Haifa, Israel, the
BIC has set up an incredible series of terraced gardens, lined by an impressive
array of judicial, educational, and administrative buildings – all in
anticipation of the coming world system. BIC is one of the most vocal advocates
of global governance vis-à-vis the United Nations. |
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| Bilderberger | Named after the Hotel Bilderberg in Oosterbeek,
Holland (where the first gathering took place in 1954), the Bildergerer
get-together is an annual event where ruling elite strategize over and discuss the
direction of international affairs. |
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| BIS | Bank for International Settlements |
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| Blowback | A term used in foreign policy/intelligence
circles referring to the unintended consequences of foreign policy/military
actions. |
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| BMD | The concept of BMD – Ballistic Missile Defence –
is to arm both ground and space-based weapons against the threat of incoming
ballistic missiles. |
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| BND | The BND, short for Bundesnachrichtendienst, is the German intelligence branch known as the Federal Intelligence Service.
The BND has a global area of operations. |
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| BNL | Operating since 1913, the BNL – Banca Nazionale
del Lavoro (also known as the National Labor Bank) – is one of Italy’s largest
banking groups and a major global lending institution. While the bank’s history
is long, it’s a history soiled by major scandals, including the Vatican-Masonic
P2 affair and the Iran-Contra debacle. |
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| BNOC |
The British National Oil Corporation was England’s
state-owned oil agency. Established under the Labour government, BNOC became a
primary controlling factor in North Sea oil development and a leading player in
global oil price controls. 1n 1985 Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher abolished
the agency after a series of major BNOC market losses.
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| BOE | The Bank of England is the United Kingdom’s central bank.
Arguably, the BOE is one of the most important central banks in the world,
acting both as the monetary policy platform for England and as one of the
world’s most pivotal institutions guiding the international monetary system.
Founded in 1694, the Bank of England is the starting point for today’s system
of money as we know it. The Bank of England is a member of the European System
of Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| BOJ | The Bank of Japan is Japan’s central bank. During the 1980’s, the greater Japanese banking community became the largest
creditor group in the world, hosting four of the globe’s leading banks. Through
all this – and the Asian currency crisis of the 1990s – the BOJ has played, and
continues to play, a key role in developing Japan’s monetary policy and
supporting its international economic reach. The Bank of Japan is a shareholding
member of the Bank for International Settlements. |
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Glossary V2.0 |
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