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| There are 129 entries in the glossary. |
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| BOK | Established in 1950, the Bank of Korea is South
Korea’s central bank, and is charged with price stability and monetary policy
duties. It’s a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Border 2012 | Border 2012 is the extension and expansion of the initial US-Mexican Border XXI Program. The land area impacted by Border
2012 is the same as the Border XXI Program – a 62.5 mile strip on both the US
and Mexican side, running the entire length of the international boundary. |
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| Border XXI Program | The Border XXI (21) Program was a joint federal US and Mexican environmental/sustainable development operation designed to
cooperatively manage the entire US-Mexico border region as a supranational
entity. The Border XXI Program, which received intense criticism, was concluded
in 2000. It has since been upgraded and re-packaged as Border 2012. |
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| BOT | The BOT – the Bank of Thailand – is the central bank for the
nation of Thailand. It sets monetary and exchange policies, prints bank notes,
and manages foreign reserves. The BOT is a shareholding member of the Bank for
International Settlements. |
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| BP | Originally formed in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and changing its name to British Petroleum in 1954, BP today is one of the world’s largest oil and petrochemical companies. Over the years BP has acquired a number of significant holdings, including John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil. |
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| Brandt Commission | Named after West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, the Brandt Commission – officially known
as the Independent Commission on International Development Issues – was the
brainchild of Robert McNamara. Made up of high-level experts, with Chancellor
Brandt at its helm, the Brandt Commission proposed new international directions
for managing the global economy. |
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| BRC | The Boston Research Center for the 21st Century is a leading Buddhist-based organization working to build a framework for
global citizenship, with a major focus on the Earth Charter. Steven
Rockefeller, Chairman of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and Coordinator of the
Drafting Process of the Earth Charter, has been part of the BRC’s Earth Charter
review. |
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| Bretton Woods | The Bretton Woods Conference and the Bretton Woods Agreement set the stage for a new international economic and monetary order for the
post-World War II era. Meeting at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in 1944, delegates committed to the Bretton Woods Agreement, thereby instituting the
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (better known as the World Bank) and the International Monetary Fund. |
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| Bretton Woods Committee |
An elite group of global actors, including
former heads of state, that meet to develop international economic governance
strategies. Of particular interest to the Committee is the continuation of
close relationships between US federal policies and World Bank/ International
Monetary Fund priorities.
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| BRIC | BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China.
The acronym represents the combined and progressive economic clout of the BRIC
economies on the world stage. |
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| Brookings Institute | The Brookings Institute is an extremely significant American-based foreign policy think-tank, engaging in foreign
relations work, international governance strategies, and national and multilateral economic/political research. The Brookings official start-year was
1927, although its history can be traced to the 1916 Institute for Government
Research. |
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| Brundtland Commission | Named after Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem
Brudtland, the Brundtland Commission – officially known as the World Commission
on Environment and Development – produced the landmark 1987 report, Our
Common Future. The work of the Brundtland Commission was instrumental in
developing a roadmap for global environmental governance, and popularized the
idea of “sustainable development.” |
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| BSP | The BSP – Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas – is the
central bank for the Philippines. As an autonomous institution, BSP is charged
with tasks such as monetary policy setting, issuing of national currency, and
the management of foreign reserves. BSP is a shareholding member of the Bank
for International Settlements. |
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| BTA | Border tax adjustment |
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| Bulgarian National Bank | Bulgaria’s central bank: a shareholding member
of the Bank for International Settlements. |
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| Business Roundtable | The Business Roundtable is a United States-based Chief Executive organization with a membership comprised from America’s largest
corporations. It advocates global trade policies and international economic/investment
programs. |
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| BWC | The Better World Campaign (BWC) is a project instituted by
the Better World Fund to develop deeper cooperative ties between the US
government and the United Nations, especially as it relates to supporting UN funding
and empowerment programs. |
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| BWF | The Better World Fund (BWF) is a sister organization of the United Nations Foundation, the body responsible for
overseeing Ted Turner’s 1997 $1 billion gift to the United Nations. The BWF
exists for one purpose: to build and strengthen the goals and objectives of the
United Nations. |
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| BWS | The Better World Society (BWS) is an earlier group
founded by Ted Turner to support the United Nations stride towards a global
environmental governance platform. |
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| CAFTA | Central American Free Trade Argeement |
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| Cairns Group | Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization. It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before
the beginning of the Uruguay Round. Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay. |
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| CBD | Convention on Biological Diversity |
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| CFR | Council on Foreign Relations - Founded in 1921 and quickly became a major influence on U.S. foreign policy. Membership grew over the years to about 4,000. Its primary publication, Foreign Affairs, continues to be a most likely source of globalist theories. David Rockefeller is Honorary Chairman. |
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| CGS | CGS - Citizens for Global Solutions - is a US based lobby group which advocates global governance through world federation. The
organizations formerly known as the World Federalist Association and Campaign
for UN Reform morphed into one group, CGS, during 2004. |
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| Chapter 11 | Is a chapter in the North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that deals with
foreign direct investment. This chapter has become very controversial
because of a provision that established a member country system
of private arbitration for foreign investors to bring injury claims
against governments. These so called "investor-state" cases are
litigated in special international arbitration bodies, which are
closed to public participation, observation and input. Written to
protect foreign investors from governments seizing their property,
corporations have stretched NAFTA's Chapter 11 to undermine government
decisions made to protect public health, the environment and local
communities. [This should not be confused with Chapter 11 of the
US bankruptcy code.]
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| CICS | Center for Strategic and International Studies |
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| CITES | Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. A multilateral environmental agreement. |
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| Codex Alimentarius | FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety. |
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| Conditionality | Countries must adopt specified
economic policies as a condition for receiving a loan from multilateral
financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank. One
example of conditionality is Structured Adjustment Programs which include stringent austerity measures that in
many cases have had devastating effects on struggling economies.
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| CSIS | Center for Strategic and International Studies |
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| CTD | The WTO Committee on Trade and Development |
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| DFAIT | Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade - a
branch of Canada's federal government.
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| Doha Round | Doha Development Round: The round of World Trade
Organization talks that began in 2001 at Doha, |
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| EFTA | European Free Trade Association.
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| EPZ | Export Processing Zone - tax free zones that appear as 'factory
cities' typically found across Asia, in which products for
export are made, especially clothing, shoes, and electronics.
EPZs are characterized by poor working conditions such as
low pay, long hours, and few opportunities for workers to
organize.
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| Fast Track | A procedure
adopted by the US Congress, at the request of the President, committing
Congress to vote to pass or reject a trade agreement without amendment.
Critics argue that this procedure is undemocratic because Congress
members cannot amend or reject objectionable clauses before agreements
are passed. Fast Track was first introduced in the Trade Act of
1974.
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| FDI | Foreign direct investment: the purchase
by the investors or corporations of one country of non-financial
assets in another country. This involves a flow of capital from
one country to another to build a factory, purchase a business or
buy real estate. |
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| FTAA | Free Trade Area of the Americas |
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| G7 | Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States. |
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| G8 | Originally an elite and closed group of 6 countries that first
met in 1975 as the G6 and continue to meet annually to discuss
political and economic issues. Members include France, United
States, Britain, Italy, Japan, and Germany, and later Canada.
In 1998 Russia also joined creating the G8.
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| GATS | General Agreement on Trade in Services - a set of multilateral
rules and commitments covering government measures which affect
trade in services.
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| GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade |
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| GSP | Generalized System of Preferences |
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| Hegemony | A trade-related term indicating the dominance of one group over another such that the dominant group can dictate the terms of trade to its own advantage. |
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| HTSUS | Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States
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| IIE | Institute for International Economics |
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| ILO | International Labour Organization - a UN agency which promotes
internationally-recognized labour rights.
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| IMF | International Monetary Fund |
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| Liberalization | In the area of international trade, the relaxation of government restrictions, including tarrifs and quotas. For example, "Due to liberalization of capital flows , capital and investment between nations is considerably more mobile." LIberalization is not synonomous with privatization. |
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| Liberty | Freedom from arbitrary or despotic government or control; freedom from external or foreign rule; independence; the right and power to act, believe, or express oneself in a manner of one's own choosing. "Give me liberty or give me death." - Patrick Henry 1775 |
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