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| There are 56 entries in the glossary. |
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| BAFT | The Bankers Association for Finance and Trade, which was
started in 1921 with a meeting of ten bankers at the Hotel Cleveland, is a
financial membership organization made up of United States and non-US banks and
institutions. BAFT’s purpose is to act as a policy and advocacy body within the
national and international financial system – working with global capital
markets, international payment businesses, trade associations, and various
governmental bodies. In 2002, the BAFT became an affiliate of the American Bankers
Association. |
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| Balance of Power | A strategic term wherein all strengths and weaknesses equal
out between opposing players, regardless of narrow independent vantage points.
While the term typically applies to military/national strategic issues between
rival nations, it carries a broader application that fits within various global
power struggles.
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| Balance of Terror | A strategic term representing an equilibrium of
ultimate destruction between powers. In a Balance of Terror situation, each
power group has the capability of inflicting unacceptable levels of damage upon
each other. |
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| Bank Indonesia | The central bank of Indonesia. As part of the late 1990’s
Asian economic crisis recovery program, the International Monetary Fund, World
Bank, and the Asian Development Bank coordinated a series of controversial
finance programs, including a revamping of the Bank Indonesia under
international guidance. The Bank Indonesia is a shareholder member in the Bank
for International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Algeria |
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| Bank of America | Founded in 1874 as the Commercial Financial Bank, it
has, over the decades, experienced a dizzying array of mergers and acquisitions
– including historical linkages to VISA (known earlier as the BankAmericard).
Today, the Bank of America is the third largest commercial bank in the United
States. |
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| Bank of Canada |
Canada’s central bank, which is responsible for monetary policy
and national funds management. The Bank of Canada originally started as a
private institution but was amalgamated into the Canadian government Crown
corporation system in 1938. Today, the Bank of Canada works with the Government
of Canada, other central banks, and with major global financial institutions.
It’s also a shareholding member of the Bank for International Settlements.
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| Bank of Estonia | The central bank of Estonia: a member of the European System
of Central Banks and a shareholding member in the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Finland | The national central bank of Finland: a member of the
European System of Central Banks and a shareholding member in the Bank for
International Settlements. |
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| Bank of France | The national central bank of France. In
existence since 1800, the Bank of France has undergone a number of important
changes, including nationalization on January 1, 1946, and back to independence
in 1993. The Bank of France is a member of the European System of Central Banks
and a shareholding member in the Bank for International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Greece | The national central bank of Greece: a member of
the European System of Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for
International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Israel | Israel’s central bank. Established in 1954, the Bank of
Israel was the successor to the Anglo-Palestine Bank, which held the role of
banknote management with the Government of Israel from 1948 until 1954. Today,
the Bank of Israel is a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Italy | The central bank of Italy: a member of the European System
of Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Latvia | Latvia’s central bank: a member of the European System of
Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Lithuania | The central bank for Lithuania: a member of the
European System of Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for
International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Mexico | Mexico’s autonomous central bank, which oversees
monetary policy, currency and coinage, and federal payment systems. It’s a
shareholding member of the Bank for International Settlements. |
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| Bank of Portugal | Portugal’s central bank: a member of the European System of
Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Bank of Slovenia | Slovenia’s central bank: a member of the European System of
Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Banko de España | Spain’s central bank: a member of the European System of
Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Basel Accord | An international set of banking principles that sets minimum
capital requirements for banks – primarily as it relates to deposit taking and
lending. The Basel Accord, also known as the Basel Capital Accord, was devised
under the auspicious of the Bank for International Settlement’s Basel Committee
on Banking Supervision. |
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| BBA | The British Bankers’ Association, in existence
since 1919, is a British-based umbrella organization for major UK and non-UK
banks. It acts as a trade and policy organization, and is actively involved in
European and global capital markets. Presently, three quarters of the BBA’s
members are non-UK, representing 60 nations. BBA members hold 90% of England’s
banking sector assets. |
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| BBC | The British Broadcasting Corporation is one of
the largest media outlets in the world, and is run by twelve governors who act
as trustees appointed by the Queen of England. |
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| BCA |
The Business Council of Australia is Australia’s leading
association of Chief Executives and prominent business players. BCA advocates
global free trade, including World Trade Organization programs, and deeper
regional/ international investment ties.
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| BCBS |
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is a major
committee within the Bank for International Settlements. Although the findings
and recommendations of the BCBS were not initially intended to carry legal
weight, the strategies and standards advocated by the BCBS are internationally
upheld and aggressively advanced within the global financial framework. The
BCBS was established in 1974.
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| BCCI | The Bank of Credit and Commerce International was a major global lending and investment institution. At its height the BCCI operated in
78 countries with over 400 branches. The bank closed in 1991 under the weight of massive fraud and money laundering charges. In the investigations, BCCI was
found to support illegal international activity and was a conduit for CIA covert operations – including the Iran/Contra arms sales network. |
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| BGFRS | The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is the
management body which oversees the work and functions of the Federal Reserve
System – America’s central bank. The BGFRS is a shareholding member of the Bank
for International Settlements. |
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| BIB | Formed in part by Nelson Rockefeller’s International Basic Economy Corporation, the Banco de Investimento do Brazil – the Brazilian Investment Bank – became a major conduit for Rockefeller-South American investment programs during the late 1960s and early 70s. BIB also had
dealings with the Bank of Credit and Commerce International. |
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| BIC | The Bahá’í International Community is a global
non-governmental organization representing the worldwide membership of the
Bahá’í Faith. It openly advocates the creation of a world government with a
global justice system and international economic policy. In Haifa, Israel, the
BIC has set up an incredible series of terraced gardens, lined by an impressive
array of judicial, educational, and administrative buildings – all in
anticipation of the coming world system. BIC is one of the most vocal advocates
of global governance vis-à-vis the United Nations. |
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| Bilderberger | Named after the Hotel Bilderberg in Oosterbeek,
Holland (where the first gathering took place in 1954), the Bildergerer
get-together is an annual event where ruling elite strategize over and discuss the
direction of international affairs. |
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| BIS | Bank for International Settlements |
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| Blowback | A term used in foreign policy/intelligence
circles referring to the unintended consequences of foreign policy/military
actions. |
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| BMD | The concept of BMD – Ballistic Missile Defence –
is to arm both ground and space-based weapons against the threat of incoming
ballistic missiles. |
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| BND | The BND, short for Bundesnachrichtendienst, is the German intelligence branch known as the Federal Intelligence Service.
The BND has a global area of operations. |
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| BNL | Operating since 1913, the BNL – Banca Nazionale
del Lavoro (also known as the National Labor Bank) – is one of Italy’s largest
banking groups and a major global lending institution. While the bank’s history
is long, it’s a history soiled by major scandals, including the Vatican-Masonic
P2 affair and the Iran-Contra debacle. |
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| BNOC |
The British National Oil Corporation was England’s
state-owned oil agency. Established under the Labour government, BNOC became a
primary controlling factor in North Sea oil development and a leading player in
global oil price controls. 1n 1985 Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher abolished
the agency after a series of major BNOC market losses.
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| BOE | The Bank of England is the United Kingdom’s central bank.
Arguably, the BOE is one of the most important central banks in the world,
acting both as the monetary policy platform for England and as one of the
world’s most pivotal institutions guiding the international monetary system.
Founded in 1694, the Bank of England is the starting point for today’s system
of money as we know it. The Bank of England is a member of the European System
of Central Banks and a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| BOJ | The Bank of Japan is Japan’s central bank. During the 1980’s, the greater Japanese banking community became the largest
creditor group in the world, hosting four of the globe’s leading banks. Through
all this – and the Asian currency crisis of the 1990s – the BOJ has played, and
continues to play, a key role in developing Japan’s monetary policy and
supporting its international economic reach. The Bank of Japan is a shareholding
member of the Bank for International Settlements. |
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| BOK | Established in 1950, the Bank of Korea is South
Korea’s central bank, and is charged with price stability and monetary policy
duties. It’s a shareholding member of the Bank for International
Settlements. |
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| Border 2012 | Border 2012 is the extension and expansion of the initial US-Mexican Border XXI Program. The land area impacted by Border
2012 is the same as the Border XXI Program – a 62.5 mile strip on both the US
and Mexican side, running the entire length of the international boundary. |
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| Border XXI Program | The Border XXI (21) Program was a joint federal US and Mexican environmental/sustainable development operation designed to
cooperatively manage the entire US-Mexico border region as a supranational
entity. The Border XXI Program, which received intense criticism, was concluded
in 2000. It has since been upgraded and re-packaged as Border 2012. |
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| BOT | The BOT – the Bank of Thailand – is the central bank for the
nation of Thailand. It sets monetary and exchange policies, prints bank notes,
and manages foreign reserves. The BOT is a shareholding member of the Bank for
International Settlements. |
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| BP | Originally formed in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and changing its name to British Petroleum in 1954, BP today is one of the world’s largest oil and petrochemical companies. Over the years BP has acquired a number of significant holdings, including John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil. |
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| Brandt Commission | Named after West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, the Brandt Commission – officially known
as the Independent Commission on International Development Issues – was the
brainchild of Robert McNamara. Made up of high-level experts, with Chancellor
Brandt at its helm, the Brandt Commission proposed new international directions
for managing the global economy. |
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| BRC | The Boston Research Center for the 21st Century is a leading Buddhist-based organization working to build a framework for
global citizenship, with a major focus on the Earth Charter. Steven
Rockefeller, Chairman of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and Coordinator of the
Drafting Process of the Earth Charter, has been part of the BRC’s Earth Charter
review. |
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| Bretton Woods | The Bretton Woods Conference and the Bretton Woods Agreement set the stage for a new international economic and monetary order for the
post-World War II era. Meeting at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in 1944, delegates committed to the Bretton Woods Agreement, thereby instituting the
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (better known as the World Bank) and the International Monetary Fund. |
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| Bretton Woods Committee |
An elite group of global actors, including
former heads of state, that meet to develop international economic governance
strategies. Of particular interest to the Committee is the continuation of
close relationships between US federal policies and World Bank/ International
Monetary Fund priorities.
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| BRIC | BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China.
The acronym represents the combined and progressive economic clout of the BRIC
economies on the world stage. |
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| Brookings Institute | The Brookings Institute is an extremely significant American-based foreign policy think-tank, engaging in foreign
relations work, international governance strategies, and national and multilateral economic/political research. The Brookings official start-year was
1927, although its history can be traced to the 1916 Institute for Government
Research. |
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| Brundtland Commission | Named after Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem
Brudtland, the Brundtland Commission – officially known as the World Commission
on Environment and Development – produced the landmark 1987 report, Our
Common Future. The work of the Brundtland Commission was instrumental in
developing a roadmap for global environmental governance, and popularized the
idea of “sustainable development.” |
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| BSP | The BSP – Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas – is the
central bank for the Philippines. As an autonomous institution, BSP is charged
with tasks such as monetary policy setting, issuing of national currency, and
the management of foreign reserves. BSP is a shareholding member of the Bank
for International Settlements. |
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Glossary V2.0 |
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